import tkinter as tkfrom tkinter import messagebox, filedialog, simpledialog, colorchooserfrom tkinter import ttkfrom PIL import Image, ImageTkimport timeimport threadingdef showdialog():    '''各种窗口'''    #res = messagebox.askokcancel(title='标题', message='提示信息。。。', default=messagebox.CANCEL) # default=messagebox.CANCEL，指定默认焦点位置，另 ABORT/RETRY/IGNORE/OK/CANCEL/YES/NO    #res = messagebox.showinfo(title='标题', message='提示信息。。。')    #res = messagebox.showwarning(title='标题', message='提示信息。。。')    #res = messagebox.showerror(title='标题', message='提示信息。。。')    #res = messagebox.askquestion(title='标题', message='提示信息。。。')     #res = messagebox.askyesno(title='标题', message='提示信息。。。')    #res = messagebox.askyesnocancel(title='标题', message='提示信息。。。')    #res = messagebox.askretrycancel(title='标题', message='提示信息。。。')        #res = filedialog.askdirectory()    #res = filedialog.askopenfile(filetypes=[('xml', '*.xml')])    #res = filedialog.askopenfiles()    #res = filedialog.askopenfilename()    #res = filedialog.askopenfilenames()    #res = filedialog.asksaveasfile()    #res = filedialog.asksaveasfilename()       #res = simpledialog.askinteger(title='整数', prompt='输入一个整数', initialvalue=100)    #res = simpledialog.askfloat(titlee='实数', prompt='输入一个实数', minvalue=0, maxvalue=11)    res = simpledialog.askstring(title='字符串', prompt='输入一个字符串')        #res = colorchooser.askcolor()    print(res)   class Application(tk.Tk):        def __init__(self):        super().__init__()        self.geometry('677x442')                  # 窗口大小        #self.resizable(width=False, height=False) # 禁止改变窗口大小                self.createUI()    # 生成界面    def createUI(self):        self.createICO()        self.createMenu()        self.createToolbar()        self.bindAll()        # 创建菜单    def createMenu(self):        '''只支持两层嵌套'''        menus = ['文件', '编辑', '帮助']        items = [['新建', '打开', '保存', '另存为...', '关闭', '-', '退出'],                 ['撤销', '-',  '剪切', '复制', '粘贴', '删除', '选择所有',['更多...','数据', '图表', '统计']],                 ['索引', '关于']]        callbacks = [[showdialog, showdialog, showdialog, showdialog, showdialog, None, showdialog],                     [showdialog, None, showdialog, showdialog, showdialog, showdialog, showdialog, [showdialog, showdialog, showdialog]],                     [showdialog, showdialog]]        icos = [[self.img1, self.img2, self.img3, None, self.img4, None, None],                [self.img1, None, self.img2, self.img3, None, self.img4, None, [self.img3, None, self.img4]],                [self.img1, self.img2]]                menubar = tk.Menu(self)        for i,x in enumerate(menus):            m = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)            for item, callback, ico in zip(items[i], callbacks[i], icos[i]):                if isinstance(item, list):                    sm = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)                    for subitem, subcallback, subico in zip(item[1:], callback, ico):                        if subitem == '-':                            sm.add_separator()                        else:                            sm.add_command(label=subitem, command=subcallback, image=subico, compound='left')                    m.add_cascade(label=item[0], menu=sm)                elif item == '-':                    m.add_separator()                else:                    m.add_command(label=item, command=callback, image=ico, compound='left')            menubar.add_cascade(label=x, menu=m)        self.config(menu=menubar)            # 生成所有需要的图标    def createICO(self):        self.img1 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('ico_new_16_16.jpg'))        self.img2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('ico_open_16_16.jpg'))        self.img3 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('ico_save_16_16.jpg'))        self.img4 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('ico_close_16_16.jpg'))        #self.img5 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('ico_new.jpg'))        #self.img6 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('ico_open.jpg'))            # 生成工具条    def createToolbar(self):        toolframe = tk.Frame(self, height=20, bg='#F7EED6')#, relief=tk.RAISED)        frame = tk.Frame(toolframe, bg='#F7EED6')        ttk.Button(frame, width=20, image=self.img1, command=showdialog).grid(row=0, column=0, padx=1, pady=1, sticky=tk.E)        ttk.Button(frame, width=20, image=self.img2, command=showdialog).grid(row=0, column=1, padx=1, pady=1, sticky=tk.E)        ttk.Button(frame, width=20, image=self.img3, command=showdialog).grid(row=0, column=2, padx=1, pady=1, sticky=tk.E)        frame.pack(side=tk.LEFT)        toolframe.pack(fill=tk.X)            #def createLayout(self):        leftframe = tk.Frame(self, width=120, bg='#0000FF')        ttk.Treeview()        leftframe.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.Y)        mainframe = tk.Frame(self, bg='#00FFFF')        tk.Text(mainframe).pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.X)        ttk.Scrollbar(mainframe).pack(side=tk.LEFT,fill=tk.Y)        mainframe.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH)            # 绑定快捷键    def bindAll(self):        self.bind_all('
       
        ', lambda event:showdialog()) # 此处必须 lambda    # 打包入线程（耗时的操作）    @staticmethod    def thread_it(func, *args):        t = threading.Thread(target=func, args=args)         t.setDaemon(True)        t.start()                app = Application()app.mainloop()